Cross Israel Highway Stormwater Quality Study Client: Cross Israel Highway Ltd., Tel-Aviv, Israel Completed: Ongoing Pacific Water Resources, Inc. (PWR) is currently acting as the overall consultant project manager and principal investigator for a comprehensive study of the stormwater quality from the Cross Israel Highway (CIH). When completed several years from now, the Cross Israel Highway will stretch some 300 kilometers north and south through Israel. In the summer of 2000, several Israeli environmental groups obtained a court injunction that could have blocked the construction of the highway because of concerns about the highway's runoff contaminating Tel Aviv's drinking water aquifer. PWR was contacted via the internet in September 2000 because of our international reputation in stormwater quality work. A contract was signed in October when a delegation from the Cross Israel Highway Ltd. (a government owned corporation) traveled to Portland to learn more about the problem of stormwater pollution. To date, PWR has prepared documents that were used by CIH, Ltd. to win a stay of the injunction at the Israeli Supreme Court in January 2001 and identify the scope of a comprehensive study of the problem and its most cost-effective solution. Currently, PWR in association with Resource Planning Associates (RPA), is conducting the study whose objective is to quantify the problem and evaluate the potential pollutant reduction benefits associated with high-efficiency cleaning and, if needed, end-of-pipe controls. The project involved the monitoring of stormwater quality and accumulated road dirt throughout the wet weather season of October 2002 through April 2003 using a paired catchment approach with periodic cleaning of only one catchment. The cleaning is being provided by a unique "Captive Hydrology" machine which deep cleans pavement with a high pressure water blasting system situated immediately in front of a powerful waste recovery vacuum. The project is currently in the data analysis phase, which involves the use of SIMPTM to explicitly simulate the observed accumulation and washoff behaviors and the projection of the future conditions that will exist when its traffic volume will exceed 100,000 vehicles per day.   Potential Effectiveness of Two Regional Stormwater Facilities, Lake Oswego Client: City of Lake Oswego; Lake Oswego, Oregon Completed: 2001 PWR completed a detailed investigation of the potential removal effectiveness of two previously recommended regional stormwater treatment facilities. The two facilities were recommended for design and construction in 1992 as part of the City’s Surface Water Management (SWM) Plan that PWR Principals Mr. Sutherland and Mr. Jelen authored. The objective of the project was to evaluate the feasibility of developing two Pollutant Reduction Facility (PRF) Sites for removing phosphorus and sediment from streamflow discharged from their respective watersheds. The Lake Oswego SWM Plan identified these sites as the two most promising locations in the entire City. However, when the SWM Plan was developed there was very little data on the actual pollutant removal effectiveness of wet pond and/or constructed wetlands and essentially no data existed for Western Oregon watersheds. This project found that in the nine years since the City’s plan was published, considerable new information on wet pond and wetland pollutant removal was available. The newer data suggested that the restricted area at these two sites will result in extremely low pollutant removal. The investigation included a modeling effort using six years of continuous streamflow data and the best available water quality information to estimate sediment and phosphorus removals. The modeling clearly showed that the water quality facilities would not achieve the originally anticipated removal rates.       WisDOT Street Sweeper Evaluation Client: Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Completed: 2000 PWR consulted with the Wisconsin DOT in cooperation with Wisconsin DNR and the USGS on a state-of-the-art street sweeper evaluation project. The project was designed to determine the water quality benefits of high-efficiency (i.e., Schwarze EV series) street cleaning on ultra-urban Wisconsin highways. Runoff from two small nearly identical drainage areas comprised entirely of I-894 pavements in Milwaukee were sampled (using automatic samplers) from January 1999 through September 2000. The highway shoulder along one of the drainages was swept weekly starting from May 1999 through May 2000. The other drainage remained unswept throughout the entire project duration. Rainfall and discharge were also continuously measured so an estimate of the pollutant loads could be conducted. A basic statistical analysis of the stormwater pollutant data suggests that the high-efficiency sweeper may have reduced TSS washoff by as much as 40%. Pollutant reductions were expected to be greater, however, it appears that poor pavement conditions led to an inability of the sweeper to provide the pick up performance previously observed on fair to good pavements. As part of the ongoing Cross Israel Highway Stormwater Quality Study, the Wisconsin data set will be analyzed by SIMPTM.     Stormwater Treatment BMP Evaluation, Port of Seattle Client: Port of Seattle; Seattle, Washington Completed: 1998 PWR joined with Resource Planning Associates (RPA) to conduct an evaluation of selected stormwater treatment Best Management Practices (BMPs) for the Port of Seattle marine terminals. The study’s objective was to evaluate the stormwater pollutant removal effectiveness of new high-efficiency pavement sweepers in combination with conventional sediment trapping catchbasins. The study determined that this combination would result in pollutant removal efficiencies equivalent to those of wet vaults. This is important because the only stormwater treatment BMP that is both technically feasible and currently approved by the Washington Department of Ecology for new marine facilities is the wet vault. PWR used the SIMPTM program after calibrating it to reproduce the observed accumulation of pollutants as monitored over a four-month period. The project concluded that using high-efficiency sweepers (e.g., Schwarze EV series) instead of wet vaults will save the Port $16 million dollars in capital improvements on a 250-acre facility expansion.